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| The mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a population of stem cells predominately present in the medulla ossium (bone marrow) with a very low frequency (1 cell per 1x105 -1x106 mononuclear medullary cell), but are easily isolated and expandable. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the MSC are able to differentiate in multiple tissue cells including bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, muscular, cardiac, hepatic and neuronal. The possibility of easily isolating them and their elevated plasticity (that is the possibility of differentiating them in diverse cellular types) makes the MSC ideal candidates in protocols of cellular therapy for the treatment of degenerative and post-traumatic disease. From the bioethical point of view their use does not present problems in as much as they are drawn from consenting adult individuals and not from embryos. |
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The motoneurons are the neurons that control the movement causing the contraction of the muscular fibres. They are located in the medulla spinalis (spinal cord) are controlled by the neurons present in the encephalon and in the cerebral cortex, known as superior motoneurons. Both the motoneurons of the medulla spinalis as well as those of the cortex are struck by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
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Behavioural test, the mice are forced to run on a wheel in acceleration until they are no longer able to keep the speed and fall from the wheel: a normal mouse is able to run for the entire duration of the experiment while a SOD1 mouse begins to decrease performance with the appearance of the disease. Another test consists in having the mouse cling from a grate by its paws and measures the time after which the mouse lets go of the grate. These are motor function and motor coordination tests. |
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The vertical laminar flow hood is a class II biological cabinet, suitable for work that requires a high protection of the product, the operator and the environment, and that principally guarantees the protection of the sample from contamination. Such vertical laminar flow hoods are provided with frontal openings which permit the entrance of air and are characterised by a vertical laminar flow on the work area. The entering and exiting air is filtered through HEPA filters. When the hood is opened, the environmental air is aspirated by the grate placed on the base of the frontal opening, passes under the work station and after passing through the HEPA filter it is introduced from above the work room thereby guaranteeing the sterility of the environment within the cabinet. |
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The centrifuge is a fundamental instrument in laboratories for the preparation of numerous cellular samples, in particular, it is essential for the isolation, the separation and the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells.
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English 
